Atomizing type oil burner



June 29, 1954 w w, COTE ATOMIZING TYPE OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 21 1950 INVENTOR. WILLCORD W. Com

Patented June 29, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ATOMIZING TYPE OIL BURNER Willcord W. Cote, Dearborn, Mich.

Application February 21, 1950, Serial No. 145,427

3 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to oil burners and more particularly to oil burners designed for use in connection with oil heating furnaces used for heating metal in preparation for drop forging operations.

In preparing the metal for drop forging operations, it is necessary that uneven heating in the furnaces be eliminated so that the metal to be forged will be uniformly heated, and further that formation of carbon in the furnaces be avoided, since if it is deposited on the metal being heated, difficulty in the subsequent drop forging operations will be encountered. Carbon deposits on the metal are found to produce a case hardening effect which makes the metal harder to work in the forging operations and increases the wear on the dies being used.

It is found that uneven heating in the furnaces may be caused either by a failure to provide adequate means for varying the direction of the flame entering the furnace from the burner or by a failure to provide adequate means for controllin the shape of the flame from the burner. In the absence of either or both of these means for regulating the distribution of heat in the furnace, the metal work piece may be unevenly heated whereby difliculty may be encountered in forging it since some portions thereof will have reater hardness than others.

The undesirable carbon deposits which often occur in furnaces may result from several causes. Soot or free carbon may be formed when there is improper mixing of oil and air or improper atomization of the oil, either of which will lead to incomplete combustion of the oil. Also, carbon deposits will be caused if droplets of oil come in contact with the metal workpiece.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an oil burner having means insuring complete atomization of oil and mixing of oil and air discharged therefrom prior'to combustion.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an oil burner having a novel means for atomizing fuel oil and for mixing such oil with primary air for combustion.

Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a longitudinal sectional view of the oil burner of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an end elevation of the oil burner shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the oil burner shown in Figure 1.

Before explaining the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

Referring now to the drawings for a detailed description of one form of the present invention, an oil burner I0 is shown including the elongated tubular casing ll into which air for combustion and atomization of oil is supplied and which comprises a cylindrical or tubular member [2 and a cap member [4. The tubular member l2 converges inwardly at its forward end and the capmember I4 is threadedly connected thereto. The cap member M has a converging end portion terminating in an axial outlet 16 whereby air being discharged through said outlet will be directed radially inwardly for a purpose which Will be more fully explained hereinafter. The tubular casing II has a relatively large opening H in its side wall through which the air for combustion and atomization of oil is supplied.

The rearward end of the tubular casing II is closed by a cover plate [8 which is threadedly connected thereto at l9 to permit removal therefrom. A housing 20 is journaled at its flange 2! in the recessed portion 22 of the cover plate [8 to permit rotation thereof with respect to the cover plate IB, and an annular plate 24 is suitably secured to cover plate 18 for retaining the flange 2| against axial movement within the recessed portion 22.. The rearward end of housing 2|] has an axial opening therein through which an oil conduit 26 for supplying oil for combustion extends, said oil conduit being held in place by the cap nut 2! and the lock nut 28 and extending coaxially of the tubular casing I I to the forward end thereof.

Intermediate the oil conduit 26 and the tubular casing II and axially adjustable with respect to the tubular casing l I is an inner tubular member 30 through which primary air for combustion and atomization of the oil discharged from oil conduit 26 is supplied. At its rearward end,

inner tubular member 30 is threadedly connected to the inner cylindrical wall 3l of the housing and is held against rotation with respect to housing 20 by means of the key 32 which is integral with cover plate l8 and which extends into the longitudinal keyway 33 of inner tubular member 30. The oil conduit 26 is detachably secured to the inner tubular member by the cap nut 21. By means of this construction the inner tubular member 30 and the oil conduit 26 are axially adjustable with respect to the tubular casing ll. As explained above, when the housing 20 is rotated about its axis it will be retained within the recessed portion 22 by the annular plate 24. The inner tubular member 30 which is held against rotation by the key 32 will then be screwed axially inwardly or outwardly in accordance with the direction of rotation of housing 20. Thus, it can be seen that a simple construction which provides easy operation has been presented for varying the axial position of said tubular member 30.

Approximately midway of the length of the inner tubular member 30 is an opening 34 having an upwardly extending collar 35 through which the primary air is supplied to the tubular member 30. The opening 34 is aligned with the opening IQ of the tubular casing H for receiving a portion of the air entering therethrough. The remainder of the air entering through opening I9 will flow through the annular passage formed between inner tubular member 33 and tubular casing l l to be discharged therefrom as secondary air for combustion.

Near the forward end of inner tubular member 30, about the outer periphery thereof, are a plurality of helical vanes 38 for imparting a whirling motion to the secondary air passing therebetween. The vanes 36, in addition to 'performing the function of whirling the secondary air, also support the inner tubular member 30 within the tubular casing H. In the form of the invention shown the helical vanes 38 are integral with inner tubular member 30 and slidingly engage the tubular casing H to permit axial adjustment of inner tubular member 3%.

Immediately forward of the helical vanes 38 the inner tubular member 38 has an inwardly tapering portion 39 which in cooperation with the converging end portion of the cap member i4 provides an inwardly converging air passage for the secondar air. The annular outlet of this air passage can be varied by axial movement of the inner tubular member 39. As can be seen in Figure 1 of the drawing, the forward end of the tapering portion 39 has a diameter less than that of axial outlet IG of the cap member l4 while the rearward end of tapering portion 39 is greater. Thus, when the inner tubular member 30 is in its most forward position the secondary air passage will be substantially closed and as the inner tubular ember is moved rearwardly the annular outlet for the secondary air will be progressively enlarged.

Formed about the inner periphery of the inner tubular member 3%] and at its discharge end is a throat portion 46 of reduced diameter for imparting a more rapid axial and rotational flow to the mixture of oil and air being discharged therethrough. The primary air flowing through the inner tubular member 30 is directed into the throat portion 40 by the tapering portion 4|.

The forward end of oil conduit 26, which terminates within the tapering portion M, has a frusto-conical portion 42 about which is spaced a plurality of helical vanes 44 which act to impart a whirling motion to the primary air passing therebetween and further act to support the oil conduit 26 within the inner tubular member 30. In the form of the invention shown, the helical vanes 44 are integral with the oil conduit 26 and in sliding engagement with the inner tubular member 30 to permit disassembly of the oil conduit 26 from the inner tubular member 30.

On the forward end of each of the helical vanes 44 are projecting portions 46 on which is secured a disc or target 48. The disc 48 is normal to the flow of oil from the oil conduit 26 so that as the oil is discharged from the oil conduit 26 it will impinge against the disc 48 and will flow therefrom into the primary air stream in the form of ,an annular film. The primary air, which has been imparted with a whirling motion by the helical vanes 44, will pick up the film of oil and be thoroughly mixed therewith on passing through the throat portion 40. Because of the venturi effect produced in the restricted throat portion 40, the rate of rotation and axial movement of the mixture of oil and primary air will be accelerated to produce a complete disintegration of the film of oil and a mixture thereof with the primary air.

From the above description it is believed that it will now be readil understood that the shape of the flame from the oil burner can be varied by rotation of the housing 20. When it is desired to provide a relatively long thin flame the inner tubular member 30 is moved to its most forward position resulting in substantially all of the air entering the oil burner l0 being discharged through the inner tubular member 30. If a more lazy wide spread flame is desired the discharge opening between the cap member 14 and the tapering portion 39 is enlarged by moving the inner tubular member 33 in an axial direction away from the cap member l4 in a manner above described. This results in secondary air being directed radially inwardly into the cylindrical stream of oil and air being discharged from the throat portion 40 which causes greater dispersion and turbulence of the combustible mixture. Thus, it can be seen that when the present burner is in operation the operator can vary the shape of the flame from the burner merely by rotating the housing 20.

The present oil burner is also designed to permit the flame therefrom to be directed to various portions of the furnace to provide more uniform I heating therein. As explained above, the oil burner received the air for combustion and atomization through the opening H in the tubular casing I I. In order to permit the flame from the oil burner ID to be directed into the furnace in a manner to prevent uneven heating therein, a swivel connection is provided between the said air inlet conduit 52 and the oil burner ill. The swivel joint will permit the burner to be directed in any desired direction in a horizontal plane and will permit limited movement in a vertical plane.

The swivel joint shown here comprises a ring member 54 which rests on the shoulder 56 of air conduit 52. The ring member 54 has a plurality of holes 51 therein for receiving a plurality of bolts 58. The bolts 58 extend through a plurality of holes 59 in the collar 60 of the tubular casing H. A ball type joint is provided between the air conduit 52 and the oil burner It so that the oil burner 10 may be pivoted vertically with respect to the air conduit 52 by tightening or loosening the bolts 58 on the rearward side of the burner [0 while loosening or tightening, respectively, the bolts 58 on the forward end of the burner. Thus, it can be seen that a swivel joint is provided enabling the operator to direct the flame from the oil burner to any position within the furnace and thereby provide uniform heating within the furnace.

In summary, it can be seen that an oil burner has been provided which completely atomizes the oil for combustion to promote complete combustion, and which is characterized by its simplicity of construction. The oil burner can easily be disassembled into its component parts for cleaning or like requirements, and its component parts will not be readily damaged because of the sturdy and rugged construction thereof.

Further, it can be seen that an oil burner has been provided which enables the operator thereof to vary the shape of the flame from the burner merely by rotating the housing 29 and to direct the said flame to desired location within a furnace by properly adjusting the swivel joint between the air conduit 52 and the oil burner iii. In this manner the operator will be able to maintain the most favorable heating conditions within the drop forging furnace.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In an oil burner, a tubular member forming an air passage having an air inlet and an axial discharge outlet, an oil conduit extending axially within said tubular member and having a discharge outlet adjacent the discharge outlet of said tubular member, helical vanes disposed between said tubular member and said oil conduit for imparting whirling motion to air passing through said air passage, and a disc supported by said helical vanes adjacent the discharge opening of said oil conduit, normal thereto and coaxial thereof, whereby oil discharged from said oil conduit will impinge against said disc and be discharged therefrom as an annular film into the whirling air of said air passage.

2. In an oil burner, a tubular member having at its discharge end a cylindrical throat portion 'of reduced diameter, means for supplying air to said tubular member, an oil conduit extending axially within said tubular member and having a discharge outlet adjacent said throat portion,

helical vanes disposed between said tubular member and said oil conduit for imparting whirling motion to air passing through said air passage,

' terminating in a cylindrical throat portion of reduced diameter, means for supplying air to said tubular member, an oil conduit extending axially within said tubular member and having a discharge outlet within said inwardly tapering portion, helical vanes disposed between said tubular member and said oil conduit for imparting whirling motion to air passing through said air passage, and a disc supported by said helical vanes adjacent the discharge opening of said oil conduit, normal thereto and coaxial thereof, whereby oil discharged from said oil conduit will impinge against said disc and be discharged therefrom as an annular film into the whirling air of said air passage and the mixture of oil and air will be discharged through said throat at an accelerated rate.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 704,732 Behm July 15, 1902 777,680 Lassoe Dec. 20, 1904 1,057,868 Melas Apr. 1, 1913 1,124,789 Naudain Jan. 12, 1915 1,161,183 Beach Nov. 23, 1915 1,451,546 Kent Apr. 10, 1923 1,567,482 Anthony Dec. 29, 1925 2,539,778 Grimmeisen Jan. 30, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 109,383 Switzerland June 18, 1924 557,342 Germany Aug. 22, 1932 105,422 Australia Oct. 6, 1938 

